Gladioli - environmental conditions, pruning, planting |

Gladioli (Gladiolus spp.) are perennial plants belonging to the genus Gladiolus, Iridaceae family. The genus Gladiolus comprises about 300 species of plants, most of which are native to South Africa.

The stem is straight, unbranched, on which narrow, sword-shaped leaves are inserted. The flowers are funnel-shaped and are found on one side of the stem. The colors of the flowers are various, with shades of pink, red, purple, yellow, orange or variegated. The propagating organ is a bulbo-tuber (corm), which forms in the soil. It is slightly flattened, spherical, of different sizes.

Environmental conditions

Light. Gladioli are demanding in terms of light. They grow and bloom in sunny, bright places.

Temperature. Gladioli are sensitive to cold, therefore, in autumn, the bulbo-tubers are removed from the soil and stored in protected areas (at temperatures of 6-10 ℃ and a relative humidity of 60%). The bulbo-tubers will be replanted in spring. In areas with mild winters, the bulbo-tubers can be left in the ground, but it is important to cover them with a layer of mulch, made of straw, hay or dry leaves.

At the same time, temperature is an important factor in the flowering process.

Soil. They prefer clayey-sandy soils, well drained, rich in organic matter, with a pH of 6-7. On heavy and moist soils the bulbo-tubers can rot.

Care

Watering

After planting, it is advisable to provide adequate moisture (the soil should not dry out before watering again). Subsequently, watering should be done moderately, so that the soil is permanently damp.

Fertilization

In order to satisfy the nutritional requirements during the vegetative growth period, it is recommended to apply granular or foliar fertilizers for decorative plants.

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Read carefully and follow the instructions on the label of each product

Propagation

Gladioli are propagated through bulbo-tubers (corms). Seed propagation is practiced less often, only in the case of obtaining new varieties.

Planting the bulbo-tubers

The bulbo-tubers will be planted in spring (April-May). In order to enjoy flowers throughout the summer, they can be planted in stages, every 2 weeks, until the beginning of July. The planting depth is between 5 and 10 cm, depending on their size.

Diseases and pests

Gladioli are susceptible to diseases and pests. Among the diseases, the most common are Fusarium wilt, gray mold, Septoria, bacteriosis and viruses. Among the pests, the most common are red spider mites and thrips.