Creeping thistle – information and weed control

Published on: January 31, 2022 Modified on: 28 April 2024

Cirsium arvense (Creeping thistle) is one of the most damaging perennial weeds in agricultural crops.   The creeping thistle is a herbaceous, perennial weed with root suckers on which there are a series of buds from which the aerial shoots sprout.

The creeping thistle has a main, taproot, which can easily reach a depth of 4 meters. This aspect gives the plant a special tolerance to drought compared to cultivated plants.

From the main root start numerous lateral branchings that grow horizontally close to the ground. Both the main root and the lateral branchings have numerous buds from which root suckers will develop. From these root suckers are the future plants practically developed. 

The stem is tall, vigorous, and can reach up to 1.5 m in height. The growth of the stem begins 3-4 weeks after the plant sprouts and generally lasts 40-50 days.

The leaves are entire or serrated, but their limb ends on the edge with thorns. Generally, after the sprouting of the plants, in about 3 weeks, the creeping thistle develops at the base a rosette of leaves that is characteristic of this plant.

Creeping thistle inflorescence is cylindrical, red-purple. A plant can produce between 1000 and 40,000 seeds depending a lot on the number of flowering stems and the number of inflorescences.
The seed can be found in the achene (the creeping thistle’s fruit) and weighs between 1-1.3 g.

The seed can germinate immediately after developing, but only if it is found in the soil in the arable layer, at a depth of 0.5-2 cm, and the soil temperature is between 15-30 degrees. The creeping thistle’s seeds germinate over one year. The minimum germination temperature is between 8-10 degrees. The creeping thistle’s seeds can remain viable for 18-20 years.

It is recommended to use approved herbicides to control it, depending on the crop.

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